-To store and release energy.
-To make cellular structures, e.g. cell walls of plants.
MONOSACCHARIDES:
General formula- (CH2O)n
Properties- small, soluble and easily transported in the blood.
Triose- Source of energy.
Pentose- Used to build nucleic acids.
Hexose- Main substrate in respiration, makes disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Due to the different arrangement of atoms, these are known as isomers.
A B B A
Alpha Beta
BELOW ABOVE
DISACCHARIDES:
-Formed when 2 hexose sugars combine in a condensation reaction.
-The link between sugars is called a glycosidic bond.
-Can be broken down to monosaccharides by chemically inserting water (hydrolysis).
α-Glucose + α- Glucose ---> Maltose
>Found in seeds; source of glucose during germination.
Glucose + Fructose ---> Sucrose
>Transported through the phloem of plants.
Glucose + Galactose ---> Lactose
>Found in mammalian milk; a source of energy for their young.
POLYSACCHARIDES:
Starch:
-2 monomers; amylose and amylopectin.
-Amylose has a helical structure.
-Amylopectin is branched so it is easily hydrolysed.
-Starch is insoluble and compact.
-Only formed in plants to store energy.
Glycogen:
-Highly branched structure for quicker release of glucose.
-It is found inside liver and muscle cells.
-Known as an animal storage carbohydrate.
Cellulose:
-Made of long parallel chains of beta-glucose.
-It is a structural polysaccharide.
-Each glucose molecule rotates 180 degrees from the previous one.
-Gives a plant rigidity from the inelastic cell wall.
-Provides high tensile strength to prevent plant cells from bursting.
-Hydrogen bonds form cross-links between OH groups.
Chitin:
-Made of beta-glucose monomers.
-Linked into long straight chains and form hydrogen bonds.
-The -OH group is replaced by an acetyl amine group.
-It is used in the exoskeleton of insects because of it being is light in weight, waterproof and very strong.
I hope this helped! If there's any incorrect information listed please let me know in the comments.
Goog luck x
-Made of long parallel chains of beta-glucose.
-It is a structural polysaccharide.
-Each glucose molecule rotates 180 degrees from the previous one.
-Gives a plant rigidity from the inelastic cell wall.
-Provides high tensile strength to prevent plant cells from bursting.
-Hydrogen bonds form cross-links between OH groups.
Chitin:
-Made of beta-glucose monomers.
-Linked into long straight chains and form hydrogen bonds.
-The -OH group is replaced by an acetyl amine group.
-It is used in the exoskeleton of insects because of it being is light in weight, waterproof and very strong.
I hope this helped! If there's any incorrect information listed please let me know in the comments.
Goog luck x
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